Bioteknologi

Biotechnology is a branch of science that studies the use of living things (bacteria, fungi, viruses, etc.) or products of living things (enzymes, alcohol) in the production process to produce goods and services. Today, the development of biotechnology is not only based on biology alone, but also on the applied sciences and other pure, such as biochemistry, computers, molecular biology, microbiology, genetics, chemistry, mathematics, and others. In other words, biotechnology is an applied science that combines various branch of science in the process of producing goods and services.

Biotechnology is simply known by humans since thousands of years ago. For example, in the field of food technology is the manufacture of beer, bread, or cheese that has been known since the 19th century, plant breeding to produce new varieties in agriculture, as well as animal breeding and reproduction. In the medical field, the application biotechnology in the past proven by the discovery of vaccines, antibiotics, and insulin, although still in limited amounts due to fermentation process is not perfect. Significant changes occurred after the discovery by Louis Pasteur bioreactor. With this tool, the production of antibiotics and vaccines can be done in bulk. 

At this time, biotechnology is growing very rapidly, especially in developed countries. Progress is marked by the discovery of a variety of technologies such as genetic engineering, tissue culture, recombinant DNA, stem cell proliferation, cloning, and others. This technology allows us to obtain a cure genetic diseases or chronic, not curable, such as cancer or AIDS. Research in the field of stem cell development also allows the patient stroke or other diseases that cause loss or damage to body tissues can be recovered as in the past. In the field of food, using the technology of genetic engineering, tissue culture and recombinant DNA, can be produced by plants in the nature and superior product because it contains more nutrients than ordinary crops, and also more resistant to pests and environmental stresses. The application of biotechnology in this period can also be found on the preservation of the environment from pollution . For example, the decomposition of crude oil spilled into the sea by the bacteria, and decomposition of substances that are toxic (poison) in the river or sea by using new types of bacteria.

Progress in the field of biotechnology was not free from controversy surrounding the development of technology. For example, cloning technology and genetic engineering of food crops come under fire from various groups. 

Biotechnology generally means to improve the quality of an organism through the application of technology. Application of these technologies can modify the biological function of an organism by adding genes from other organisms or to engineer genes in the organism.

Changes in biological properties through genetic engineering caused the "birth of a new organism" product of biotechnology with nature - nature is beneficial to humans. Biotechnology products, among others,

* Maize resistant insect pests
    * Cotton insect pest resistant
    * Papaya resistant virus
    * Enzyme boosters milk production in cows
    * Rice contains vitamin A
    * Bananas contain hepatitis

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